Smartphone Dependency: Unveiling the Advantages and Disadvantages

Dr. Resenmenla Longchar
Assistant Professor
Department of History
ICFAI University Nagaland

Abstract

In today's fast-paced and interconnected world, smartphone have seamlessly integrated into the fabric of modern life, serving as an indispensable tool for people of all ages. The transition from traditional phones to smartphone has gone beyond mere luxury to become a fundamental necessity, driven by a growing recognition of smartphone's multifaceted capabilities. However, this widespread reliance on smartphone brings with it a set of benefits and drawbacks that deserve careful consideration. The aim of this paper is to investigate the positive and negative effects of smartphone use, as well as how smartphone users balance their time between family, friends, and other activities. Furthermore, it seeks to unravel the complex web of how smartphone users allocate their time, dissecting the delicate balance. Furthermore, it aims to unravel the intricate web of how smartphone users allocate their time, examining the delicate balance between familial engagement, social interactions, and other smartphone-related activities. Furthermore, this investigation will shed light on the staggering amount of time people typically devote to their smartphones, highlighting the widespread nature of smartphone dependency. By examining these aspects, the paper aims to gain a better understanding of the impact smartphones have on our lives and relationships, as well as shed light on how we can optimize our smartphone usage for a more balanced and fulfilling life.

Keywords

Smartphone, dependency, positive, negative, effects

Introduction

Smartphones have become an essential part of almost everyone's daily lives in today's society, offering both advantages and disadvantages. People rely on these devices for their portability and functionality, taking full advantage of their capabilities. The transition from traditional phones to smartphones has become a necessity, as people are aware of the numerous possibilities that smartphones provide. One of the most significant advantages of Smartphone is their ability to connect to the internet while on the go. Improved smartphone browsers allow for faster and more efficient wireless internet access, making it easier to stay connected and engaged. In addition to traditional phone calls and text messaging, smartphones provide instant messaging capabilities, enabling seamless communication with others regardless of the device used. This opens a plethora of options for staying connected and engaging in conversations.

This paper explores the significant impact of smartphones on people's daily lives, highlighting their role in streamlining tasks, increasing efficiency, and symbolizing status and identity. As smartphones become essential components of modern lifestyles, there is a noticeable decline in academic focus, self-care, and interpersonal communication. The paper aims to raise awareness among smartphone users about the importance of finding balance and exploring life beyond the screen. By examining the impact of smartphones on individuals, the study seeks to understand how these devices dictate and shape daily existence, prompting reflection on the potential for a more fulfilling and meaningful life beyond the confines of a smartphone.

Multi-faceted functionality of Smartphones

One of the most significant advantages of smartphones is their ability to connect to the internet on the go. Improved smartphone browsers enable faster and more efficient wireless internet access. Beyond traditional phone calls and text messaging, smartphones provide instant messaging capabilities, allowing for seamless communication regardless of the device used. This connectivity opens a plethora of options for staying connected and engaging in conversations. Smartphones serve as versatile entertainment devices, enabling users to watch movies, listen to music, take photos, and play games—all on the same device. Many smartphones include GPS navigation, which offers turn-by-turn directions and real-time location trackingⁱ .The transition from traditional phones to smartphones is driven by the desire for increased productivity and connectivity. High-quality smartphones enhance both professional and personal tasks, allowing for mobility and flexibility.

Challenges and drawbacks of Smartphones

According to Pew Research, Smartphone global average ownership rate is 43% (J. Poushter, 2016). However, the widespread use of smartphones has also led to various problematic behaviours with significant negative effects. Research has shown that problematic smartphone use can lead to dangerous situations, such as distracting drivers and pedestrians, which increases the risk of accidents (F. Cazzulino et al. 2014, L. L., Rivara, et al. 2013). There is a growing concern about the impact of smartphone use on health. Using smartphones before bedtime can hinder the ability to achieve restful sleep and it is recommended to refrain from using smartphone, computers, and TVs at least an hour before going to bed. This is to prevent the disruption of melatonin production, a crucial hormone for regulating our sleep cyclesⁱⁱ . Additionally, excessive smartphone use has been linked to musculoskeletal health issues, including neck and shoulder pain (Y. Xie et al. 2016, İNal et al. 2015), poor physical fitness, and academic performance deficits (A. Lepp et al. 2014, Mrunal D. V. Bhardwaj et al. 2015). Excessive Smartphone use can also result in physical discomfort such as shoulder pain, headaches, and dry eyes. Moreover, the blue-violet light emitted by smartphones may have harmful effects on the eyes, potentially leading to macular degeneration and even blindness.It is important to be mindful of the potential consequences of Smartphone use and to establish healthy boundaries to protect our well-being (A. Lepp et al. 2014, Mrunal D. V. Bhardwaj et al. 2015)

Smartphone use has been linked to a decline in academic focus, self-care (A. Lepp et al. 2014, Mrunal D. V. Bhardwaj et al. 2015), and interpersonal communication. The addictive nature of smartphones fosters a reliance on technology, reducing face-to-face interactions and straining relationships. Research from the University of Waterloo suggests that using smartphones for information retrieval can lead to mental lazinessⁱⁱⁱ. As individuals spend an increasing amount of time on their smartphone, they are spending less time engaging in physical activity. The convenience of fast downloads on smartphone and the instant gratification provided by social media can easily lead to a sedentary lifestyle. The addictive nature of smartphone has led to a significant decrease in physical movement, as individuals are more likely to turn to their devices for entertainment and distraction. The relationship between individuals and their smartphone has become so intertwined that it is often likened to a serious addiction. Breaking free from this dependency can be a challenging task, as the allure of constant connectivity and instant gratification is difficult to resist. It is important for individuals to recognize the negative impact that excessive smartphone use can have on their overall well-being and to take steps to limit their screen time to prioritize their mental and physical health. Smartphone adoption has grown steadily and rapidly across regions and time periods. Nowadays, the decision to buy a smartphone is motivated by the belief that a high-quality device can boost productivity and connectivity in both professional and personal settings, while also allowing for mobility. Using smartphones while driving or walking can result in accidents. In educational and work settings, smartphone use can cause distractions, reducing attention among students and employees.

Survey on Smartphone Usage

A survey was conducted to better understand smartphone usage and dependency among 50 respondents from Dimapur, Nagaland, aged 15 to 35. The study revealed that smartphone usage is equally prevalent among men and women, with a significant number of respondents indicating heavy reliance on their devices. The survey aimed to assess both the positive and negative aspects of smartphone usage and determine whether respondents allocate sufficient time to their families, friends, and other activities.

According to the survey, 42 out of 50 respondents used smartphones, with the majority aged between 20 and 35. Concerns were raised by some respondents about the negative consequences of allowing young children to use smartphones at an early age. They emphasized that early exposure to smartphones could lead to excessive independence, disinterest in social activities, poor interpersonal skills, and easy access to inappropriate content. Despite these concerns, respondents acknowledged that smartphones offer numerous benefits, such as facilitating communication and providing versatile entertainment options.

The study found that 18 respondents spent 2 to 4 hours on their phones daily, while 20 spent 4 to 6 hours. Most participants used their smartphones for social networking on platforms like Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter. Some also engaged in gambling, playing games, watching videos, and internet browsing. Surprisingly, only two respondents reported using their smartphones solely for reading books or printed materials.

Respondents frequently used their smartphones in various settings, including home, school, college, university, work, and even while commuting by bus, car, train, or bicycle. It was noted that smartphone usage in classrooms should be limited due to its potential to disrupt students' concentration and teachers' ability to instruct effectively. Additionally, excessive smartphone use led to physical discomfort, such as shoulder pain, headaches, and dry eyes among the respondents. Some respondents reported experiencing insomnia, memory loss, lack of concentration, and increased distractibility due to their smartphone habits. Despite being aware of these negative consequences, many respondents felt reliant on their devices and feared feeling helpless and lonely without them.

The survey also examined smartphone spending habits, revealing that some students spend more on recharges than working adults, with monthly expenses ranging from Rs. 300 to Rs. 1000. Wi-Fi connectivity at home facilitated easier browsing and communication for some families. The majority of respondents admitted to spending more time on their smartphones than anticipated, often using them while walking or eating. Many also felt social pressure from the constant influx of messages, emails, and notifications.

When asked about their future smartphone preferences, most respondents planned to continue using Android devices. Despite the increased screen time, respondents reported no significant decrease in face-to-face interactions. Before the widespread use of smartphones, approximately 75% of respondents spent an average of 1 to 2 hours daily communicating face-to-face with family members. Respondents primarily used their smartphones to contact parents, siblings, friends, and romantic partners, with only 1% using them to communicate with teachers. WhatsApp and Instagram were the most popular communication tools, followed by voice calls and text messages.

Many respondents spent their free time engaging in various activities, with smartphone usage being the most popular. Other activities included reading, shopping, sleeping, playing computer games, and talking with friends or family in person. Surprisingly, none of the respondents mentioned participating in activities such as exercising, dining out, singing karaoke, or watching movies in theaters. Despite the high usage of smartphones, 80% of respondents believed that these devices improved their lives by keeping them informed about current events and societal issues. Some also noted that smartphones helped them expand their social circles and strengthen relationships.

However, excessive smartphone use has resulted in addiction, hampered normal social interactions, reduced attention spans, fostered a reliance on technology, and strained relationships with friends. During the survey, respondents were presented with statements about the impact of smartphones on youth communication. Most agreed that smartphones increase opportunities for communication but also encourage reliance on indirect forms of communication, such as instant messaging and texting. Opinions were divided on whether smartphones lead to increased contact with people, with a significant number remaining neutral. Despite these mixed views, the majority agreed that smartphones represent the future of mobile phone development and lead to less verbal communication compared to traditional mobile phones.

During the pandemic, many students faced various challenges, resulting in a significant increase in phone usage. According to the respondent (whose identity is kept confidential for privacy reasons), the use of a mobile phone has had a significant impact on her daily life, particularly because she must use it for online classes. Unfortunately, this increased usage has had a negative impact on her health, particularly her vision. Despite her health concerns, she continues to use her phone frequently because it is a source of great interest to her. In addition to academic purposes, her mobile phone allows her to stay in touch with friends, especially during the current pandemic when physical interactions are restricted. Furthermore, the convenience of a mobile phone has allowed her to take online classes and further her education. However, the device's addictive nature, combined with its multitude of features, frequently consumes her attention, leaving little time for family interactions. Excessive screen time has had a negative impact on her health, causing eye strain and skin problems like pimples and dark spots. Thus, while the mobile phone has undoubtedly added value to her life, it is critical to be aware of the potential negative effects on both physical and mental health. Finding a balance between using the device for productivity and practicing healthy habits is critical for overall well-being.

According to another respondent, who wishes to remain anonymous for privacy reasons, mobile phone usage serves as an escape from the realities of daily life. They find that immersing themselves in their mobile phone is their primary way to spend free time, often causing them to become oblivious to their surroundings. As a student, their mobile phone has proven invaluable for attending online classes and staying in touch with friends via social media and online gaming. However, this constant reliance on their phone has led to ignoring their immediate environment and isolating themselves from their family. Unfortunately, their addiction to their mobile phone has resulted in physical symptoms such as dizziness and fatigue, negatively impacting their overall health. Despite these negative consequences, they continue to use their phone because it provides a sense of excitement and interest. To live a healthy and fulfilling life, they recognize the need to strike a balance between mobile phone usage and in-person interactions.

Potential Solutions to the Negative Impacts of Smartphone Use

While smartphones offer numerous benefits, their negative impacts cannot be ignored. Addressing these drawbacks involves implementing practical strategies and learning from successful case studies or programs that promote responsible smartphone use. Below are some actionable tips and examples to help balance smartphone use with other aspects of life.

Most smartphones come with built-in tools that allow users to set daily limits on app usage. For example, Apple's Screen Time and Google's Digital Wellbeing can help track and limit screen time. Applications like Freedom ^iv , Forest^v etc. can help restrict phone usage and encourage focus on other activities. These apps are part of a growing movement to help individuals regain control over their digital lives, promoting better mental health and productivity. Avoid using smartphones in the bedroom to improve sleep quality. This can help prevent the disruption of melatonin production caused by blue light exposure. One can implement a rule to keep phones away during meals to foster better communication and connection with family and friends. Designating a certain day or hours each week as "digital detox" periods^vi where smartphone use is minimized or completely avoided can be a great way to achieve a significant result.

One can incorporate regular physical activities into the daily routine and activities like jogging or even a walk can help reduce the sedentary lifestyle encouraged by prolonged smartphone use. Spending time outdoors without smartphone and engage in nature can significantly reduce stress and improve mental well-being.

Successful Case Studies and Programs

Forest app encourages users to stay focused by planting virtual trees that grow when the user stays away from their phone^vii . If the user leaves the app, the tree dies. This gamification approach helps users resist the temptation to use their phones. Users have reported increased productivity and a greater ability to focus on tasks without the constant distraction of their phones.

Programs like Digital Detox^viii and Camp Grounded offer retreats where participants are encouraged to disconnect from technology entirely. These retreats provide activities such as yoga, arts and crafts, and group discussions to foster real-life connections and mindfulness. Participants often report feeling more relaxed, rejuvenated, and connected to themselves and others after attending these retreats.

Some schools have implemented policies where students' smartphones are locked away during school hours. Yondr pouches^ix , for example, are used to lock students' phones, allowing them to focus on learning without distractions. Schools that have adopted this approach have seen improved academic performance, better student engagement, and enhanced social interactions among students.

Companies like Volkswagen and Daimler have implemented policies where email servers stop sending emails to employees after working hours^x. This encourages employees to disconnect and recharge, leading to better work-life balance. Employees in these companies have reported reduced stress levels, better sleep quality, and higher job satisfaction.

The "Turning Life On" campaign ^xi has seen significant success in promoting healthy technology use among children and families. This initiative, which originated in Concord, Massachusetts, has expanded to various communities, including Newburyport, MA. The campaign emphasizes creating a supportive environment for families to manage technology use, offering resources and strategies to delay smartphone adoption for children until at least 8th grade. This effort helps reduce social pressures associated with early smartphone use.

Conclusion

To conclude, the smartphone survey provides significant insights into how the younger generation uses their smartphones. Smartphones are no longer just fashion accessories; they have become a necessity for everyone. Today, the telecommunications market is dominated by smartphones, which can do far more than a laptop or computer. The increasing number of features available on phones has made the telecommunications sector more competitive than ever. A mobile phone now serves as a television, telephone, radio, laptop, camera, and a guide for navigation, among other things. Smartphone prices range from the cheapest to the most expensive, making them accessible to almost everyone.

Smartphones have made communication incredibly convenient, allowing users to connect from anywhere at any time. This easy access to the world creates a virtual reality where users are constantly engaged with their smartphones. However, this ubiquitous use has several disadvantages, including loss of concentration, increased risk of accidents, and a decrease in face-to-face communication. Many smartphone users find themselves isolated in their virtual worlds, leading to a lack of physical exercise and associated health problems, which is a major concern today.

Smartphone users often believe they are staying updated on various societal issues, but many are simply consuming information without putting it into practice. Smartphones are highly personal devices that should be used to their full potential. They are valuable educational tools, and users should be taught how to use them effectively for educational purposes. This is a significant challenge, as the advantages of smartphones must be highlighted, and their benefits in educational settings must be maximized. At the same time, appropriate penalties should be imposed to address the negative consequences of misuse.

Ultimately, the impact of smartphones boils down to how they are used. While they have both advantages and disadvantages, it is crucial to understand how to leverage this technology for our benefit. There is no perfect tool in the world, and mobile phones are no exception. Responsible and mindful use of smartphones can help maximize their benefits while minimizing their drawbacks.

References

1. Cazzulino, F., Burke, R. V., Muller, V., Arbogast, H., & Upperman, J. S. (2014). Cell phones and young drivers: A systematic review regarding the association between psychological factors and prevention. Traffic Injury Prevention. 15( 3): 234-242.
2. İNal, E. E., Demİrci, K., Çetİntürk, A., Akgönül, M., & Savaş, S. (2015). Effects of smartphone overuse on hand function, pinch strength, and the median nerve. Muscle & Nerve. 52 (2):183-188.
3. Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., & Karpinski, A. C. (2014). The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in college students. Computers in Human Behavior. 31: 343-350.
4. Poushter, J. (2016, February 22). Smartphone Ownership and Internet Usage Continues to Climb in Emerging Economies. Pew Research Center. 22: 1-44.
5. Bhardwaj, Mrunal & Ashok, Sode Jaimala (April-June 2015). Mobile Phone Addiction and Loneliness among Teenagers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology. 2(3).
6. Thompson, L. L., Rivara, F. P., Ayyagari, R. C., & Ebel, B. E. (2013). Impact of social and technological distraction on pedestrian crossing behaviour: An observational study. Injury Prevention. 19 (4).
7. Xie, Y., Szeto, G., Dai, J., & Madeleine, P. (2016). A comparison between young adults with and without chronic neck-shoulder pain. Applied Ergonomics. 59(1).

Notes

1. From “Why You Should Get a Smartphone” (http://www.brighthand.com/news/why-you-should-get-a-smartphone/).
2. From “Electronic Device Use before Bedtime and Sleep Quality among University Students.” (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466496/).
3. (http://www.msn.com/en-gb/health/mindandbody/10-reasons-your-smartphone-is-bad-for-your-health/ar-AAaWd47#page=4/)
4. From “Freedom” ( https://freedom.to/)
5. From “Forest: Stay Focused, Be Present,” by Forest App (https://www.forestapp.cc/)
6. From “What is a Digital Detox?,” by Digital Detox ( from. https://digitaldetox.org/)
7. From “Forest: Stay Focused, Be Present,” by Forest App (https://www.forestapp.cc/).
8. From “What is a Digital Detox?,” by Digital Detox (https://digitaldetox.org/)
9. From “yondr pouches” (https://www.overyondr.com/). From “Cell Phone Pouches Promise to Improve Focus at School. Kids Aren’t Convinced” (https://time.com/6959626/yondr-schools-cell-phones/)
10. From “Volkswagen turns off Blackberry email after work hours” (https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-16314901).
11. From “The "Turning Life On" campaign” (https://www.turninglifeon.org/home).